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Ramsay Weston Phipps (10 April 1838 – 24 June 1923) was an Irish-born military historian and officer in Queen Victoria's Royal Artillery. The son of Pownoll Phipps, an officer of the British East India Company's army, he was descended from the early settlers of the West Indies; many generations had served in the British, and the English military. Phipps served in the Crimean War, had a stint of duty at Malta, and helped to repress the Fenian uprising in Canada in 1866. Phipps is known for his study of ''The Armies of the First French Republic and the Rise of the Marshals of Napoleon I'', a five volume set published posthumously from 1926–1939 by Oxford University Press. He also edited L.A. Fauvelet de Bourrienne's ''Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte'', a three volume work published in 1885 and Madame Campan's ''The private life of Marie Antoinette, queen of France and Navarre; with sketches and anecdotes of the courts of Louis XVI,'' published in 1889. ==Family== Ramsay Weston Phipps descended from generations of military and political men. Colonel William Phipps, a Yeoman of Lincolnshire, raised a regiment of horse for Charles I. Another of his ancestors was Lord Chancellor of Ireland in the reign of Queen Anne.〔Pownoll William Phipps, ''The life of Colonel Pownoll Phipps.'' London: Bentley, 1894, pp. 232–233.〕 Captain James Phipps settled the Island of St. Christopher, in the West Indies in 1676.〔Colonel R.W. Phipps (obit). ''The Times.'' Thursday 28 June 1923, p. 16, Issue 43379, Col. D.〕 The family was rewarded for its loyalty with titles and lands in Ireland. Ramsay Phipps was also a cousin of the Earls of Mulgrave.〔New England Historic Genealogical Society Staff. ''The New England Register.'' Westminster, MD: Heritage, 2010, p. 197.〕 In 1791, Phipps' grandfather, Constantine (1746–1797), rented the Hotel d'Harcout in Caen, France, from the Duke of Harcourt; in 1793, he returned briefly to England in 1793 for the wedding of one of his daughters, leaving eight of his children in France. When War of the First Coalition broke out in 1793, the children were separated from their parents. Ramsay Phipps' father, Pownoll Phipps (1780–1858) and his siblings grew up in the French city during the French revolution, and lived under the threat of anti-English violence.〔Pownoll Phipps, ''Life'', pp. 5, 12, 230–231.〕 Only after the Treaty of Campo Formio could the children return to England, arriving on 2 October 1798, all of them fluent in French; Pownoll Phipps reportedly spoke with French-accented English for the rest of his life. By the end of October, Pownoll had a commission as a lieutenant and joined the Bengal Army of the East India Company.〔Charles Phipps, "Preface." Ramsay Weston Phipps, ''The Armies of the First French Republic and the Rise of the Marshals of Napoleon I: The Armee du Nord.'' Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1926. pp. v–ix. Pownoll Phipps, p. 40.〕 The following June, he embarked for India on the Bombay-built ship ''Britannica''.〔Pownoll Phipps, p. 40.〕 Upon arrival in India, Pownoll Phipps joined the force under command of Colonel Arthur Wellesley. He participated in Sir David Baird's expedition from India to Egypt in 1801,〔 for which participation he eventually became a Knight of the Crescent. Phipps married Henrietta Beaunpaire; orphaned by the French Revolution, she had taken refuge with him and his siblings at the Hotel d'Harcout, on 10 August 1802, in Calcutta.〔''Parish register transcripts from the Presidency of Bengal, 1713–1948.'' India. Office of the Registrar General.Salt Lake City, Utah : Filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah, 1966–1967.〕 Pownoll Phipps' second wife, Sophia Matilda Arnold, was Benedict Arnold's daughter.〔Benson John Lossing. "Descendants of Benedict Arnold." ''The American historical record.'' Philadelphia: Chase & Town, Publishers, 1872–1874, volume 3, p. 595. They married in 1813, and had five children. Nathanial Hawthorne. ''The English Notebooks: 1853–1856.'' United States: Ohio State University Press 1997, p. 535.〕 Phipps retired from the East India Company service on 1 July 1825, with the rank of colonel.〔East India Company, Great Britain. India Office. ''East-India register and army list.'' London, W.H. Allen (), p. 241.〕 Living for a time in London, he was a popular regular at Exeter Hall events. A well-versed, informed and articulate speaker and storyteller, Phipps was a gallant gentleman, readily at ease in all society, and very friendly: "a tall, stout, officer-like person, about 60-years of age, with white hair, short, sharp features, and a pleasant cast of countenance."〔One of the Protestant side (a pseudonym). ''Random recollections of Exeter Hall, in 1834–1837''. London: James Nisbet and Co., 1837, pp. 160–161.〕 He also had a strict sense of honor. In 1857, a year before his death, he wrote a letter to the Editor of The Times, in which he asserted his belief in the good character and quality of the Sepoys, despite the popular outrage against the them during the Indian Mutiny.〔P. Phipps. "The Old Bengal Army." ''The Times.'' Tuesday, 22 September 1857, p. 11, Issue 22792, column B.〕 Pownoll Phipps developed bronchitis after presiding over the closing of an art exhibit in Clonmel, Ireland; he died in November 1858. His funeral was attended by Protestant and Catholics, and the procession was over a mile long.〔Pownoll Phipps, pp. 205–207.〕 Ramsay Weston Phipps was the second son of Pownoll Phipps and Phipps' third wife, the Irish-born Anna Charlotte Smith. Born at the family estate, Oaklands, in Tipperary, Ireland, he was named Ramsay in honor of an uncle who pioneered slave emancipation in the West Indies, and Weston after another uncle, a scientific clergyman.〔Pownoll Phipps, p. 119.〕 By 1841, his father had returned to England, to reside in Kent, where the family lived in Yalding. They lodged at the ''Parsonage'' with a local farmer, Ramsey Warde; Ramsey Warde was also a relative of Phipps' mother. The family of four included three-year-old Ramsay, his older brother, Pownoll (age five),〔Pownoll William Phipps, born 1 November 1835, matriculated at Oxford University, Pembroke College, in June 1854 at age 18; he graduated with his bachelor's decree in 1858, followed by his masters degree in 1861. From 1859–1871, he held various curacies. He was Vicar of Knapton on Hill from 1871–1873, rector of Upton Slough from 1873–1886. After 1886, he was rector at Chalfont St. Giles. See Foster, Joseph Foster. ''Alumni Oxonienses: The Members of the University of Oxford, 1715–1886'' and ''Alumni Oxonienses: The Members of the University of Oxford, 1500–1714.'' Oxford: Parker and Co., 1888–1892, p. ()71. Married Elizabeth Dampier Risley, daughter of Shuckburgh Risley, 26 Jul 1859, Camden, Middlesex, St Pancras Parish Church. See London Metropolitan Archives, Saint Pancras Parish Church, ''Register of marriages'', P90/PAN1, Item 123.〕 his mother (age 30) and his father.〔District 2, ''Census Returns of England and Wales, 1841.'' Kew, Surrey, England: The National Archives of the UK (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO), 1841.〕 Eventually, two more children joined the family: Henrietta Sophia and Robert Constantine, twins born 23 September 1841. The boy died 9 October, but Henrietta lived into adulthood, marrying Lieutenant-Colonel William Smith.〔Pownoll Phipps, p. 240.〕 After suffering a bout of measles in spring 1847, Ramsay Phipps attended Mr. Barron's School at Stanmore with his older brother, Pownoll, with the intent to following his brother in a year or two to Rugby in Warwickshire.〔Pownoll Phipps, p. 169.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ramsay Weston Phipps」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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